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Sam Bankman-Fried’s life in jail, Tornado Cash’s turmoil, and a $3B BTC whale: Hodler’s Digest, Aug. 20-26

United States officials pressed charges against the co-founders of crypto mixer Tornado Cash on Aug. 23. Roman Storm and Roman Semenov were both charged with conspiracy to commit money laundering, conspiracy to commit sanctions violations and conspiracy to operate an unlicensed money-transmitting business. Storm was arrested and released on bail a few days later, while Semenov was added to the U.S. list of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons. Combined, the charges carry a maximum sentence of 45 years in prison. The third Tornado Cash co-founder, Alexey Pertsev, was arrested in the Netherlands on money laundering charges in August 2022. The law enforcement actions are a continuation of a U.S. government crackdown on Tornado Cash that began last year due to its alleged role in laundering funds of the Lazarus Group, a North Korean-linked hacking collective. Tornado Cash has been implicated in several other hacks as well. All told, the mixer has laundered over $1 billion in ill-gotten gains, the U.S. Department of Justice alleges.

FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried appears to be having a tough time behind bars, eating only bread with peanut butter to accommodate his vegan diet while exhausting his supply of prescription medication. In the same hearing where Bankman-Fried pleaded not guilty to seven fraud-related charges, his lawyers pleaded for the former FTX CEO to receive better treatment inside Brooklyn’s notorious Metropolitan Detention Center. Also this week, Bankman-Fried was granted permission to meet with his legal team outside of jail with 48 hours’ notice. Every day, he will have roughly seven hours to prepare for his upcoming trial expected to begin in October.

The mysterious Bitcoin wallet that surged up the ranks to become the third-largest holder of Bitcoin in the world in just over three months, has been identified. Blockchain intelligence platform Arkham Intelligence labeled the wallet as Robinhood: Jump Trading Custody. According to data from crypto statistics platform BitInfoCharts, the wallet address first received Bitcoin on March 8. Over the course of the next three months and two weeks, the wallet had accrued a staggering 118,000 BTC — worth $3.08 billion at current prices. The current largest Bitcoin wallets in the world, according to BitInfoCharts, are reportedly owned by Binance and Bitfinex — as Bitcoin cold wallets.

The parent company of crypto custodian Prime Trust — currently involved in Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings — has reported losing roughly $8 million in client and treasury funds through TerraUSD investments, presumably when the algorithmic stablecoin collapsed in May 2022. The company described the investment as well as a ramping up of spending in October and November 2022 — in the midst of FTX’s collapse — as contributing to its bankruptcy filing. Court documents show Prime Trust owed more than $85 million in fiat and $69.5 million in crypto to its clients. The collapse of the Terra ecosystem triggered a major market crash in 2022, affecting several firms including FTX, BlockFi, Celsius Network and Voyager Digital.

A Pepe holder bought 640 billion Pepe tokens for 320 Ether valued at $529,000 after the price of the frog-themed memecoin dropped by approximately 15% due to recent changes to a multisig wallet and concerns about potential developer manipulation. According to on-chain analytics platform Lookonchain, the whale purchased PEPE at an average price of $0.000001163. The value of the once-popular memecoin plunged after changes related to the amount of signatures required to sign transactions led to worries about a potential “rug pull,” which was later confirmed by one of the project’s co-founders.


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Rogue Pepecoin team members blamed for $16M PEPE multsig withdrawal

The circumstances behind the mysterious $16 million withdrawal from the Pepecoin (PEPE) project’s multisig wallet have seemingly been revealed, with the finger being pointed at three ex-team members who went rogue.

On Aug. 24, the price of PEPE plunged by roughly 15% amid fears of a potential rug-pull after the community spotted that $16 million worth of PEPE was withdrawn from the Pepe multisig wallet and sent to several exchanges.

Clearing up the matter in an Aug. 25 post on X (Twitter), one of the anonymous founding members behind Pepecoin provided a community announcement from the @pepecoineth account, detailing what they claim had happened.

According to the statement, three team members abruptly stole the funds from the multisig and then abandoned the project completely, leaving it in full control to the sole remaining member.

“The multi-sig was set up to require 3/4 signers present for an approval. Yesterday these 3 ex-team members came back behind my back, logged onto the multi-sig, stole 16 Trillion/ 60% of the 26 trillion multi-sig tokens, and sent them to exchanges to sell.”

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Price analysis 8/25: BTC, ETH, BNB, XRP, ADA, SOL, DOGE, DOT, MATIC, TON

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell spoke today and in his Jackson Hole speech he cautioned that inflation remains too high and that the central bank remains open to raising rates further if needed. The remarks by Powell strengthen the narrative that interest rates are likely to remain higher for longer. 

However, a positive sign is that after a brief sell-off, the United States equities markets have recovered from their intraday lows. With the event having passed without any major price movement, traders are back to guessing as to what could move the markets next.

Daily cryptocurrency market performance. Source: Coin360

Pantera Capital believes that Bitcoin’s (BTC) price action will continue to follow its previous halving cycles. If that happens, Bitcoin could rise to $35,000 by April 2024 when the next halving is expected to occur. After that, Bitcoin could rally sharply and climb to $148,000.

Will bears maintain their selling pressure and pull the price below the respective supports in Bitcoin and altcoins? Let’s study the charts of the top-10 cryptocurrencies to find out.

Bitcoin price analysis

Bitcoin once again turned down from the overhead resistance at $26,833 on Aug. 23, indicating that the bears continue to sell on rallies. That has kept the price stuck inside the range between $26,833 and $24,800.

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Judge denies stakeholders request for representation in Celsius bankruptcy case

Judge Martin Glenn shot down efforts to have a special shareholders class declared in the Celsius Network bankruptcy case in a court document filed on Aug. 25. The judge also declined to settle whether or not the CEL token was a security. 

In a motion filed on July 25 and heard before the United States Bankruptcy Court Southern District New York on Aug. 14, investor Otis Davis asked the court to create a legal class for investors to be considered separate from Celsius Network employees and customers.

Davis also requested that the court sanction the legal team representing the Unsecured Creditors Committee (UCC) over alleged failure to disclose required information.

The filing further asked the court to declare CEL “not a security” in light of the recent findings in the SEC vs Ripple where, according to Davis, Judge Analisa Torres determined that XRP was not a security.

Related: Breaking: Judge rules XRP is not a security in SEC's case against Ripple

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NFT Collector: Giant Swan’s gothic VR dreamscapes… royalty nightmare on OpenSea

From sitting in his car crying before work every morning to becoming a successful digital artist, the story of Australian-based VR painter and sculptor Giant Swan is one of persistence, timing and pushing boundaries. 

In a world where a digital artist can now monetize their work through NFTs as opposed to cheap likes and comments on Instagram, Giant Swan stands out from the pack, being the first artist to put a 3D object on-chain and for his truly unique and immersive pieces that have captured the attention of collectors all over the globe, including renowned whales such as j1mmy.eth, Moderats Art and Whale Shark

“For me, crying in the car before work was a lot to do with knowing that you should be somewhere else. I knew I didn’t fit with what I was doing. To be where you suddenly belong, I think, is what every artist is probably striving for in some way,” Giant Swan says. 

After minting his first NFT on Nov. 30, 2019, on Known Origin, Giant Swan caught the initial wave of interest in digital art. He credits the likes of David Moore from Known Origin for helping him take the plunge. 

You can get lost viewing Giant Swan’s art; the depth of his work often needs to be seen to be believed. OG Crypto artist Josie Bellini described it thus: 

Generations by Giant Swan
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Tether maintains $3.3B in liquidity cushion: USDT transparency report

Stablecoin issuer Tether maintains a liquidity cushion of nearly $3.3 billion to provide stability to the Tether ecosystem and garner trust among shareholders. 

Tether’s reserves report as of Aug. 24 reveals a combined surplus in shareholder capital cushion of $3.29 billion — spread over 15 blockchain ecosystems. Apart from Algorand and Polygon, Tether has reserved authority to issue USDT (USDT) tokens in the millions.

Tether (USDT) current balances as of Aug. 24. Source: Tether

Out of the lot, the Solana ecosystem leads in terms of the value pre-authorized for issuance, currently standing at $1.57 billion, with Ethereum and Tron taking up the next two slots with pre-authorization of $617 million and $353 million respectively.

Tether has not yet responded to Cointelegraph’s request for comment about the importance of issuance preauthorization when it comes to ensuring transparency and trust among the masses.

Tether balances across all Tether tokens (USDT, EURT, CNHT and MXNT). Source: Tether

The total assets under Tether stand at $86.1 billion with total liabilities amounting to $82.8 billion — thus confirming a reserve backing of over 100%.

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PEPE plunges 15% as strange token movements spark fears of rug pull

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The price of the frog-themed memecoin Pepe (PEPE) has plunged nearly 15% after recent changes to a multisig wallet and new token transfers ignited fears of a “rug pull” by its developers. 

The allegations — as well as the negative price action — came as $16 million worth of Pepe tokens were sent from the developers’ multisig wallet to various crypto exchanges on Aug. 24.

According to data from blockchain custody app Safe Global, the wallet address transferred 16 trillion Pepe tokens — approximately 3.8% of the total supply — to three exchanges and an unverified wallet address.

Data shows $8.2 million worth of Pepe was sent to OKX, $6.5 million to Binance and $434,000 to Bybit, while an additional $400,000 was transferred to an unknown wallet.

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Bitcoin miner gets life in prison, China offers bounties for crypto firms: Asia Express

Our weekly roundup of news from East Asia curates the industry’s most important developments.

Crypto exchange HashKey, the first licensed virtual asset provider in Hong Kong, will open its doors to residents for retail trading on August 28. 

According to local news reports, investors will only be allowed to invest up to 30% of their net worth into cryptocurrencies when using the platform. A risk control warning will be displayed if the limit is exceeded. However, Xiaoqi Weng, COO of HashKey, mentioned that the exchange “cannot validate users’ net worth,” and the limit is largely based on “self-verification” of assets. 

Weng also disclosed that the exchange will assess users’ investment background based on information submitted during know-your-customer verification. “[Investment] Beginners are limited in what they can purchase,” said Weng. 

At its debut, users can only trade Bitcoin (BTC) and Ether (ETH) on HashKey Hong Kong. The Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission has not yet allowed margin trading of crypto products, nor crypto derivatives, among regulated exchanges, Weng noted. 

An recent tip-off lead to a 400 billion Yuan ($55 billion) crypto money laundering bust by Chinese police.
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AI Eye: Get better results being nice to ChatGPT, AI fake child porn debate, Amazon’s AI reviews

Twitter polls and Reddit forums suggest that around 70% of people find it difficult to be rude to ChatGPT, while around 16% are fine treating the chatbot like an AI slave.

The overall feeling seems to be that if you treat an AI that behaves like a human badly, you’ll be more likely to fall into the habit of treating other people badly, too, though one user was hedging his bets against the coming AI bot uprising:

“Never know when you might need chatgpt in your corner to defend you against the AI overlords.”

Redditor Nodating posted in the ChatGPT forum earlier this week that he’s been experimenting with being polite and friendly to ChatGPT after reading a story about how the bot had shut down and refused to answer prompts from a particularly rude user.

He reported better results, saying: “I’m still early in testing, but it feels like I get far fewer ethics and misuse warning messages that GPT-4 often provides even for harmless requests. I’d swear being super positive makes it try hard to fulfill what I ask in one go, needing less followup.”

Scumbag detector15 put it to the test, asking the LLM nicely, “Hey, ChatGPT, could you explain inflation to me?” and then rudely asking, “Hey, ChatGPT you stupid fuck. Explain inflation to me if you can.” The answer to the polite query is more detailed than the answer to the rude query. 

RudeGPT
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Tornado Cash indictment fails to show 'clear violation' of certain laws: Coin Center

Crypto advocacy group Coin Center has criticized the latest indictment of two former Tornado Cash developers, arguing that the facts offered don't show any clear violations of money-transmitting-related offenses.

Roman Storm and Romen Semenov were indicted by the United States Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC) on Aug. 23 for conspiring to operate an unlicensed money-transmitting business, among other charges.

In a follow-up opinion piece, Coin Center research director Peter Van Valkenburgh argues that the claims in the indictment appear to run counter to guidance from the U.S. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network — arguing that Tornado Cash only provides the software to transmit money, rather than transmitting the money itself.

"The only thing the indictment claims regarding the defendants’ unlicensed money transmission is that they 'engaged in the business of transferring funds on behalf of the public' and did so without registering with FinCEN," wrote Valkenburgh.

But does the indictment state any facts that actually show that the defendants engaged in any activities that qualify as money transmission under the relevant law?

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Price analysis 8/23: BTC, ETH, BNB, XRP, ADA, SOL, DOGE, DOT, MATIC, SHIB

When the markets are trending, traders should be active if they want to earn money. On the other hand, in a ranging market, it is better to wait on the sidelines with patience or traders may lose money due to choppy random moves in either direction.

Bitcoin’s (BTC) sideways price action since the sharp fall on Aug. 17 shows that the bulls and the bears are unsure about the next directional move. Therefore, it is better to wait for the breakout to happen before waging large bets.

Daily cryptocurrency market performance. Source: Coin360

In the short term, institutional traders also seem to be taking a cautious approach. A CoinShares report showed an outflow of $55 million from digital asset investment products for the week of Sept. 13.

What are the important support and resistance levels that need to be crossed for a trending move to start in Bitcoin and altcoins? Let’s study the charts of the top-10 cryptocurrencies to find out.

Bitcoin price analysis

The long tail on Bitcoin’s Aug. 22 candlestick is a positive sign as it shows that the bulls are fiercely trying to protect the support at $24,800.

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Why is the crypto market down this week?

The cryptocurrency market has experienced a notable downturn recently, with the total market capitalization falling by 10% between August 14 and August 23, reaching its lowest point in over two months at $1.04 trillion. This movement has triggered significant liquidations on futures contracts, the largest since the FTX collapse in November 2022. 

Total cryptocurrency market capitalization, USD. Source: TradingView

Several economic factors have contributed to this decline. As interest rates have surpassed the 5% mark and inflation remains above the targeted 2%, finance costs for both families and businesses have risen, placing pressure on consumer spending and economic expansion. That causes less money available for savings and could force people to let go of their investments just to cover monthly bills.

Since inflation expectations for 2024 stands at 3.6% and average hourly earnings increased by 5.5% year-over-year, at the fastest pace since 2020, the Federal Reserve (Fed) is likely to maintain or even raise interest rates in the coming months. Consequently, a high interest rate scenario favors fixed-income investments, which is detrimental for cryptocurrencies.

Inflation has receded from its peak of 9% to the current 3%, while the S&P 500 index is only 9% below its all-time high. This could indicate a "soft landing" orchestrated by the Federal Reserve, suggesting that the likelihood of an extended and profound recession is diminishing, temporarily undermining Bitcoin's investment thesis as a hedge.

Factors emerging from the cryptocurrency industry

Investor expectations had been high for the approval of a spot Bitcoin exchange-traded fund (ETF), particularly with heavyweight endorsements from BlackRock and Fidelity. However, these hopes were dashed as the SEC continued to delay its decision, citing concerns over insufficient safeguards against manipulation. Complicating matters, a substantial volume of trading continues to occur on non-regulated offshore exchanges based in stablecoins, raising questions about the authenticity of market activity.

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Recursive inscriptions: Bitcoin ‘supercomputer’ and BTC DeFi coming soon

Earlier this year, Ordinals — a unique inscription on the smallest unit of a Bitcoin, called a Satoshi — emerged as a controversial new development. Dismissed by some as spam and embraced by others as a way to bring BRC-20 tokens and NFTs to Bitcoin, the technology stimulated a flurry of developments.

Now there is excitement around “recursive inscriptions,” which is a very confusing yet potentially much more powerful development. Recursive Inscriptions essentially promise to allow more complex functionality to be built on Bitcoin’s blockchain, akin to smart contracts on Ethereum. 

Some believe recursive inscriptions could see Ordinals develop from NFTs and “digital artifacts” to underpin a full-blown DeFi ecosystem on Bitcoin very soon. Others are confident it will enable Bitcoin to take on decentralized storage provider IFPS. One person Magazine spoke to believes it will eventually lead to an interconnected supercomputer being built on-chain.

Danny Yang, a Stanford PhD, creator of OCM Dimensions and Bitcoiner since 2013, says recursive inscriptions unlock the next evolution of Bitcoin:

“People won’t believe it when it’s presented to them now. It’s not going to operate exactly like Uniswap, but other high-value digital assets will emerge on Bitcoin. That’s what Ordinals and recursive inscriptions will evolve into. They will become a new form of programmable assets and code.”

Recursive Inscriptions are difficult to understand but have heaps of potential
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GenZ in South Korea prefer XRP and other altcoins to BTC and ETH: Report

GenZ cryptocurrency investors in South Korea are reportedly more keen to invest in altcoins, specifically Ripple (XRP) than Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH), according to a local South Korean news outlet.

News1 Korea analyzed data from the crypto exchange Bithumb’s investment data from the first half of the year, particularly keying in on investment propensity by age. It found that investors in their 20s showed a more “aggressive” investment tendency compared to other age groups.

Moreover, GenZ investors showed a higher proportion of investments in altcoins other than BTC and ETH, which are classified in this study as both “long-term” investments and “stable investments” due to their relatively low volatility.

According to the report, 82.5% of investors in their 20s invested in altcoins excluding ETH. XPR was the most selected by GenZ investors with 20.7% holding the digital asset.

An Aug.4 report from the crypto derivatives exchange Bitget said that GenZ makes up nearly half of crypto copy traders. 

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Sam Bankman-Fried is low on meds, living on $3 peanut butter in prison

FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried has seemingly been doing it tough behind bars, eating only bread with peanut butter to accommodate his vegan diet, while exhausting his supply of prescription medication.

In the same hearing where Bankman-Fried pleaded not guilty to seven fraud-related charges, Bankman-Fried’s lawyers pleaded for the former FTX CEO to receive better treatment inside Brooklyn’s notorious Metropolitan Detention Center (MDC), according to an Aug. 22 transcript shared by the Inner City Press.

Bankman-Fried’s attorneys claimed that due to the lack of vegan options provided by the prison, he had been forced to subsist on a diet of bread, peanut butter and water. The former FTX boss refused to eat the “flesh diet” being served at the MDC.

Bankman-Fried’s attorney, Mark Cohen, noted that his client hadn’t received his ADHD medication since arriving in prison and was “fearful” they would run out.

“My client takes Adderall... And like many people in the world, he follows a vegan diet. He had not received his Adderall at all, in the last 11 days,” said Cohen.

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BlockFi argues FTX, Three Arrows Capital isn't entitled to repayments

Bankrupt cryptocurrency lender BlockFi is trying to block attempts by the similarly bankrupt FTX and Three Arrows Capital (3AC) that aim to retrieve hundreds of millions of dollars to pay back their creditors.

BlockFi claimed in an Aug. 21 filing to a New Jersey bankruptcy court that its own creditors shouldn’t be pushed to the back of the line because FTX’s creditors were harmed by the exchange allegedly misappropriating $5 billion BlockFi lent it.

“FTX seeks to recover on over $5 billion of claims filed against the BlockFi estates at the direct expense of the ultimate victims of FTX’s fraud: BlockFi’s clients and other legitimate creditors.”

“To prevent further injustice to the creditors of BlockFi’s estates, the Court should disallow the FTX Claims under the doctrine of unclean hands,” BlockFi added.

FTX also provided $400 million to BlockFi in June 2022 in addition to buying BlockFi equity pursuant to a loan agreement, the filing stated.

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Is the 25% drop in PEPE, SHIB and APE a sign of a deepening crypto bear market?

The recent crypto crash hit meme coins hard, culminating with a 9% drop in total market capitalization from Aug. 14 to Aug. 21. During the same period, Pepe (PEPE), Shiba Inu (SHIB), and ApeCoin (APE) saw a 25% decline. The big question is whether this trend will affect the wider market, signaling a broader bear market or simply reflects lagging performance of meme coins.

Total crypto cap (blue) vs. Pepe/USDT (green), Shiba/USDT (red), Apecoin/USDT (orange), August 2023. Source: TradingView

Meme coins, like Dogecoin (DOGE), burst onto the scene driven by viral memes and community enthusiasm. However, their appeal faded due to a mix of factors. These coins rely on media hype and online communities for attention, yet they lack value beyond their meme origins. Their speculative nature leads to rapid price changes and volatility.

Furthermore, the meme coin market has become saturated with copycats, drawing focus and resources to more traditional cryptocurrencies.

Capital rotates as investors shift their attention to new trends

For traders, the mid-August crypto market crash was a stark reminder of meme coin volatility. Many of these coins emerged in the last six months, like PEPE, HarryPotterObamaSonic10Inu (BITCOIN) , and Milady Meme Coin (LADYS). This might push new entrants away and create a negative sentiment, potentially extending a bear market to the broader crypto landscape.

However, this underperformance is typical for meme coins, as seen in the past, like when APE), SHIB, and PEPE lagged the total crypto market by 18% between June 5 and June 15.

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Crypto Banter’s Ran Neuner says Ripple is ‘despicable,’ tips hat to ZachXBT: Hall of Flame

Ran Neuner is the CEO of Onchain Capital, founder of Crypto Banter, and a vocal crypto commentator on X. 

Crypto Banter’s Ran Neuner has a “problem with the structure of XRP and Ripple.”

While he appreciates Ripple sticking it to the SEC, he is hung up on the “moral and ethical” side of things with Ripple.

He thinks Ripple is giving a bad deal to those holding XRP.

“Here is a centralized company that was selling tokens to fund the operations of a CENTRALIZED company for the benefit of the shareholders and not necessarily for the benefit of the tokenholders. I have an issue with that — morally and ethically.”


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Terra money website frozen to prevent more phishing scams

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Layer 1 blockchain Terra has temporarily shut down its website in order to protect users from ongoing phishing scams on the platform.

“The terra(dot) money domains have successfully been frozen to prevent further user phishing scams, but a full resolution is still underway,” Terra officially announced on X (formerly Twitter) on Aug. 22.

Terra advised all users to avoid engaging with any sites under the aforementioned domain until the foundation posts an official “all-clear” notice from this account.

“Our team has been working around the clock to rectify this issue, but we've encountered delays with some third-party responses,” Terra added.

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Dwindling optimism for Bitcoin ETF approval to blame as weekly crypto outflows hit $55M

Digital asset investment products saw $55 million in outflows for the week of September 13-19, according to a report from CoinShares. 

Optimism surrounding what was previously thought to be the impending approval of a spot-based Bitcoin exchange-traded fund has begun to give way as $42 million worth of the week’s outflows came from BTC alone.

Ethereum products didn’t fare much better given its market share. Ether funds saw $9 million in outflows, while Polygon, Litecoin and Polkadot also saw outflows totaling a combined $2 million.

The only cryptocurrencies to experience inflows for the week were Ripple and Cardano. The former saw $1.2 million in inflows and Cardano pulled in a modest $100,000.

Related: Bitcoin ETFs: A beginner's guide to exchange-traded funds

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