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DeFi faces stress test, DoJ fears run on Binance, Hong Kong’s crypto trading: Hodler’s Digest, July 30 – Aug. 5

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The decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem experienced a challenging week after a seismic security incident led to over $61 million being stolen from Curve Finance’s pools, leaving several protocols facing broader contagion risks. This attack exposed vulnerabilities across DeFi projects and sparked efforts to recover stolen funds over the past few days, hammering the performance of tokens and even stablecoins as a result of the dramatic ups and downs in this story. As the community navigates the aftermath of this exploit, Cointelegraph compiled the week’s events, presenting a timeline of what happened since the hack on July 30.

The United States Department of Justice is reportedly considering charging cryptocurrency exchange Binance with fraud, but hesitating based on costs to consumers. According to people familiar with the matter, Justice Department officials are concerned about an indictment against Binance causing a run similar to what happened with FTX in November 2022. The officials are considering fines or non-prosecution agreements for Binance rather than criminal charges in an effort to reduce the harm to consumers. Binance has been targeted by a criminal probe in the U.S. for allegedly violating the country’s sanctions on Russia and has also faced lawsuits from U.S. regulators.

Hong Kong debuts retail crypto trading with HashKey and OSL

Digital asset firm HashKey has successfully obtained all necessary licensing to broaden its business from serving professional investors to taking on retail users, as Hong Kong expands its cryptocurrency trading to individual investors. The first license, Type 1, allows HashKey to operate a virtual asset trading platform under Hong Kong’s securities laws. The second one, Type 7, officially enables the firm to provide automated trading services to both institutional and retail users. OSL, another local crypto firm, received an upgrade to its existing license from Hong Kong’s Securities and Futures Commission, allowing it to offer Bitcoin (BTC) and Ether (ETH) trading to retail investors immediately.

Coinbase denies SEC told it to delist everything but Bitcoin

Coinbase has denied reports claiming that its CEO, Brian Armstrong, was once told by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to delist all cryptocurrencies on its platform except for Bitcoin. In an interview with the Financial Times, Armstrong reportedly stated that the SEC wanted Coinbase to delist the nearly 250 tokens on its platform. According to a Coinbase spokesperson, however, the report is missing context and the SEC didn’t request Coinbase to delist any specific assets. SEC Chair Gary Gensler has previously claimed that “everything other than Bitcoin” is a security under the agency’s remit.

The crypto community has come together to celebrate the birthday of the Ethereum network, marking eight years since the Ethereum Foundation first sent the network live.


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Price analysis 8/4: BTC, ETH, BNB, XRP, DOGE, ADA, SOL, MATIC, LTC, DOT

Bitcoin (BTC) continues to frustrate traders who have been predicting a breakout on either side but investors should keep a close watch because the longer the time spent inside the range, the stronger is the eventual breakout from it.

The July jobs report released on Aug. 4 was a mixed bag, hence it could not shake out Bitcoin from its range. The report showed an addition of 187,000 jobs, fewer than the 200,000 expected by economists. But the average hourly wages remained strong, showing an increase of 0.4% for the month against expectations of a 0.3% rise.

Daily cryptocurrency market performance. Source: Coin360

Although the price remains stuck inside a range, analysts are putting out bullish projections for the second half of the year. A recent report from Matrixport projected a target of $45,000 by the end of this year and $125,000 by the end of 2024.

Bitcoin’s long-term story remains intact but traders should keep a close eye on any possible shocks from the regulators as that could cause a knee-jerk reaction to the downside. What are the important support and resistance levels to watch out for in Bitcoin and altcoins? Let’s study the charts of the top-10 cryptocurrencies to find out.

Bitcoin price analysis

Bitcoin’s price is getting squeezed between the 20-day exponential moving average ($29,523) and the horizontal support at $28,861.

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Korean superconductor LK99 joins memecoin craze

Last month, a team of South Korean scientists claimed they engineered a superconducting material, dubbed LK-99, that works under ambient temperature and pressure. In layman's terms, the team allegedly created a material allowing electrical currents to flow without resistance or energy loss. Previously, such types of materials were only thought to have functioned at absolute zero temperatures.

But the new supposed breakthrough, which has since been replicated by at least one other research team, is already causing a stir among the scientific and perhaps crypto community. Within days of its publication, several LK99 memecoins have already been listed on decentralized exchange Uniswap (UNI). One such coin, the ERC-20 LK99 token, was listed less than 24 hours ago and has already surpassed $3 million in total trading volume, at the time of publication. 

Memecoins have been wildly popular among crypto enthusiasts for much of this year, with tokens being created based on concepts of Pepe the Frog, Milady's nonfungible tokens collection, and even ERC-20's Bitcoin "competitor" BRC-20. Despite their often meteoric rise and falls in price, many of the tokens' developers have warned that the meme tokens they created have "no intrinsic value." 

However, there's now a consensus among the scientific community that superconductor technology has immense value. For starters, superconductors are necessary for the construction of large-scale quantum computers. Before the yet-unverified invention, it was thought that such devices could only operate under absolute zero conditions for superconductivity. 

Thus, room-temperature superconductivity would greatly help scale or accelerate the development of quantum computing. Previously, blockchain experts, such as QAN Platform CTO Johann Polecsak, stated that quantum computers would eventually be able to inverse the encryption method of current cryptocurrencies in the coming decades — assuming no technological upgrades are made to such a blockchain. 

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Curve hacker behind $61M heist begins returning funds

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A miner extractable value (MEV) bot that drained 6,106 Ether from the Curve Finance pETH-ETH pool has returned most of the funds to the JPEG'd deployer, which represents nearly all of the drained funds. This event occurred after the bot's address sent a message on the Ethereum blockchain seeking to prove that their email address was associated with the frontrunning bot.

The Ethereum IDM negotiations that led to the partial return of funds. Source: Etherscan. 

The returned funds come only from the pETH-ETH Curve pool associated with the JPEG'd protocol, which was frontrun by the bot. All other exploited funds are still under the control of the attacker who initiated the exploit. The Curve team has also sent a message to the original attacker in an attempt to get the rest of the funds returned.

This is a developing story, and further information will be added as it becomes available.

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Girl Gone Crypto thinks ‘BREAKING’ crypto news tweets are boring: Hall of Flame

Lea Thompson — aka Girl Gone Crypto — declares that she will not put her 225,000 Twitter followers to sleep with the same old boring “breaking” news tweets about crypto.

She explains that using “breaking” to share news that everyone knows is pretty lame.

“It is kind of generic. It is easy engagement, and there is not any personality or anything interesting about it.”

“By the time I’d have posted the news, five other accounts would have probably posted about it,” Thompson says. 

Instead, Thompson likes to put a spin on the latest news, dish out some interesting commentary, or crack jokes to give her followers something different from the rest of the pack.

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Optimism transactions surpass Arbitrum, but what’s behind the uptick in users?

Optimism (OP) is a Layer 2 scaling solution, which operates as a separate blockchain built on top of Ethereum. Despite having a smaller total value locked (TVL) than its rivals, Optimism may still have the potential to thrive in the increasingly competitive DeFi landscape. 

Being one of the pioneers in the DeF space, Optimism initially gained an initial but had to contend with fierce competition. The project has been trailing behind other scaling solutions in terms of daily transactions for the past six months. However, in late July, the situation changed as Optimism finally overtook its main competitor Arbitrum and is showing signs of increasing demand from users.

The rise of Layer 2 scaling solutions

The increase in Layer 2 activity on Ethereum has been significant, surpassing mainnet activity by more than four times, according to data from L2beat. Various solutions have emerged to address Ethereum's scalability challenges and each Layer 2 project focuses on different aspects such as privacy, specific decentralized applications and NFT marketplaces.

Consequently, the leaderboard of transactions and volumes constantly fluctuates based on demand, and each solution comes with its own advantages and drawbacks.

Optimism operates using rollups, bundling all transactions into a single transaction to be executed on the base layer, inheriting all security features from Ethereum. The philosophy behind Optimism assumes that all transactions are valid unless challenged and proven otherwise, allowing for cost-effective and fast transactions for users.

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Unibot maintains first mover status among Telegram crypto trading bots

Unibot (UNIBOT) token was among the top crypto gainers in July as its price rallied by 400% in a month to reach an all-time high of $199.90 on July 28. The project defied the market’s negative trend as both Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH) dropped by nearly 4%.

However, by August 3, 2023, the token's price retraced 44% from its peak, leading to doubts about whether this surge was merely a fleeting trend. Nevertheless, it is essential to consider the project's fundamentals, which seem to suggest otherwise.

The project is a harbinger of a newfound bullish narrative around decentralized Telegram bots for trading on DEXs. The total market capitalization of the sector surged above $150 million from around $20 million at the start of July, per Coingecko.

While a number of copycats have launched in the market, Unibot has a dominant market share, with 72.3% of the total market for decentralized Telegram bots for trading on DEXs. Since May 2023, Unibot has gained popularity with increased usage and price.

It provides features such as limit orders, MEV protection and snipping. Snipping enables instant purchase of newly listed token pools on Uniswap, which is preferred among high-frequency traders.

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Web3 Gamer: Zuckerberg’s metaverse losses, NFT game on Discord, Gods Unchained hot take

Let’s get business out of the way before getting to the fun part: Meta, the parent company of WhatsApp, Facebook and Instagram, is heavily involved in virtual worlds through its metaverse unit, Reality Labs. 

However, its investments have yet to pay off, with the metaverse company reporting collective losses of over $40 billion. 

Despite the losses, investors are optimistic about Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s long-term bet on the metaverse, sending the stock up 7% after hearing Zuckerberg’s reasoning on the Meta Q2 2023 Earnings call.

Meta’s stock price spiked to over $320 after Meta Earnings Call. (Google Finance)

Wall Street seems convinced by his arguments, which are backed by Meta’s improved overall business performance as the platform saw its revenue increase in the second quarter. Zuckerberg aims to cover metaverse costs with the growth from Meta’s family of apps, which has increased by $2 billion, making it just over halfway to covering the $3.7 billion loss from Reality Labs.

I can’t guarantee you that I’m going to be right about this bet. I do think that this is the direction that the world is going in.”

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Elon Musk tweets and Twitter bot spam influences altcoin prices: Study

Crypto-spouting Twitter bots could be playing a much larger role in artificially inflating the price of altcoins than previously understood, a new study has suggested.

Using a sample of various FTX-listed cryptocurrencies in a study published Aug. 2, the Network Contagion Research Institute (NCRI) said it analyzed over 3 million tweets posted between Jan. 1, 2019, to Jan. 27, 2023, surrounding 18 altcoins.

The study found that Twitter bot activity played a crucial role in amplifying the value of these cryptocurrencies, including The Sandbox (SAND), Gala (GALA), Gods Unchained (GODS) and LooksRare (LOOKS), with half of the coins showing signs of price influence as a result of tweet bot activity.

It also found that these inauthentic tweets would increase after FTX posted about the token on social media, which it said raises questions about whether FTX or Alameda Research could have played a role in coordinating the bot activity.

Each line shows the average number of botted tweets, which increased following FTX’s listing and mention. Source: NCRI

"In fact, for half of the FTX listed coins in the sample, inauthentic tweet volume showed signs of forecasting subsequent price. This suggests that inauthentic networks successfully and deliberately deployed to influence changes in FTX coin prices," it said, adding: 

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AAVE price takes double-digit hit, but strong fundamentals point to eventual recovery

AAVE, the governance token of the decentralized finance (DeFi) protocol Aave, experienced a 17% decline between July 30 and August 1, reaching the $62 level. 

While the $62 support has demonstrated its resilience, the current price of $64.40 is still 12% below the daily close on July 30. Investors are now questioning whether this movement signifies a more cautious approach to the sector or if other factors are exerting pressure on the AAVE token price.

AAVE price index, 12-hour chart. Source: TradingView

Part of the recent movement in the AAVE token can be attributed to the risks of cascading liquidations on DeFi protocols, resulting from the Curve Finance pool exploit that commenced on July 30. However, Aave's decentralized liquidity protocol has successfully survived previous identical scenarios and the protocol has a substantial $295.6 million deposited in its Safety Module.

Notably, Michael Egorov, the founder of Curve, currently holds a substantial $76.6 million loan backed by 357.3 million CRV tokens across three DeFi applications, as reported by Delphi Digital. This represents 40.5% of the entire CRV circulating supply and poses risks to the ecosystem, raising concerns about potential liquidation repercussions on major protocols, including Aave.

According to Delphi Digital data, specifically on Aave, Egorov holds 267 million CRV tokens, backing a 54.2 million Tether (USDT) loan. With a 55% liquidation threshold, the current liquidation price for the CRV token stands at $0.37, which appears relatively secure at the moment. However, it's essential to note that Egorov is paying a significant 50% APY for this loan.

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Price analysis 8/2: BTC, ETH, BNB, XRP, DOGE, ADA, SOL, MATIC, LTC, DOT

Ratings agency Fitch downgraded the United States’ long-term credit rating from AAA to AA+ on Aug. 1 and this move dented the risk on sentiment. The U.S. equities markets witnessed profit-booking on Aug. 2 and the cryptocurrency market’s recovery stalled in its tracks.

However, after the knee-jerk reaction, the markets may settle down. The cryptocurrency markets are likely to keep their focus on the news and events surrounding the Bitcoin (BTC) spot exchange-traded fund (ETF) applications. Bloomberg ETF analysts Eric Balchunas and James Seyffart said in a statement that the possibility of an ETF application getting greenlighted has surged from 1% a couple of months ago to 65%.

Daily cryptocurrency market performance. Source: Coin360

The recent developments in the crypto sector have rejuvenated the Bitcoin bulls. Software development firm MicroStrategy founded by Michael Saylor is planning to raise up to $750 million via a stock sale, with the aim to use the funds for working capital and to buy more Bitcoin. The firm already holds 152,800 Bitcoin worth about $4.5 billion at current prices.

Will buyers defend the immediate support levels in Bitcoin and altcoins or could the bears overpower the bulls? Let’s study the charts of the top-10 cryptocurrencies to find out.

Bitcoin price analysis

Bitcoin’s volatility picked up on Aug. 1. The bears pulled the price below the immediate support at $28,861 but the long tail on the candlestick shows aggressive buying at lower levels.

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Litecoin halving completes as LTC sees increased payments adoption

The Litecoin halving event has been completed with block rewards now halved at 6.25 Litecoin (LTC) per block. 

On Aug. 2, the Litecoin blockchain went through its automated halving procedure at block 2,520,000. LTC miners are now getting half the rewards and the clock has been reset for the next halving in roughly four years' time.

Litecoin founder Charlie Lee commented on the discrepancies between the different halving countdown timers, suggesting that the NiceHash one was the most accurate. However, all of them agreed on an Aug. 2 date.

Moreover, LTC prices have been down trending since early July when they topped $110 for the first time since April 2022. The silver to Bitcoin’s gold is currently hovering around the $92 level where it was this time a fortnight ago.

Speaking on the adoption of Litecoin as a payment method, BitPay CEO Stephen Pair told Cointelegraph that Litecoin and Bitcoin Lightning payments had their best months in recent history on the global payments platform.

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Deposit risk: What do crypto exchanges really do with your money?

So, you’ve deposited some cryptocurrency onto an exchange. You expect that these funds will be held in your name as a liability, with safeguards in place to make sure that you can withdraw them when you wish.

However, this is not necessarily the case.

Sitting down with Magazine, Simon Dixon, CEO of global online investment platform BnkToTheFuture, warns that the murky lines between regulations in the crypto industry mean that customers must be extremely cautious about where they stash their crypto.

“[The cryptocurrency industry] was created by businesses that want to build financial institutions, and robust financial history has shown that if you leave them to their own devices, they won’t respect client money.”

Take FTX for example. Dixon notes that former FTX CEO Sam Bankman-Fried allegedly treated customer funds as if they were his own, tipping billions into Alameda Research.


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Worldcoin cryptocurrency project suspended in Kenya

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The new cryptocurrency and digital identity project, Worldcoin, is facing a rough start in Kenya, with the government halting all local activity associated with it.

Kenya’s minister of internal security took to Facebook on Aug. 2 to announce that the country has suspended the activities of Worldcoin until relevant public agencies had certified the absence of risks to Kenyans.

“Relevant security, financial services and data protection agencies have commenced inquiries and investigations to establish the authenticity and legality of the aforesaid activities,” Minister Kithure Kindiki said in a statement.


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Chinese police vs. Web3, blockchain centralization continues: Asia Express

According to one insider, Chinese police are after Web3 co-founders, not to serve and protect, but for their wallets. 

In a recent blog post, Wuwei Liang, the brother of imprisoned CoinXP co-founder Liang Liang, warned that under no circumstances should executives hand over their private keys when detained by Chinese police. Responding to news of Multichain co-founder Jun Zhao’s arrest, he wrote: 

“As long as the police see the money and get the money, they will make up their minds, charge the case with crimes, and confiscate the assets. If you lose the secret key, you will lose everything, you will lose your life and wealth, and you will be imprisoned wrongly.”

Earlier in July, China’s largest cross-chain protocol used by the likes of Fantom and Binance alike, with over $10 billion in total value locked at its peak, closed down for good after developers disclosed that its CEO, Jun Zhao, was arrested by Chinese police in May. Zhao allegedly held control of all protocol MPC nodes, access to private keys and investors’ funds.

Without Zhao, the protocol and users’ assets were as good as gone. While cryptocurrency exchanges, mining and initial coin offerings are illegal in China, outright ownership of cryptocurrencies isn’t illegal, and there is currently a gray area regarding crypto projects outside of prohibited categories.

A Wuxi Police ad warning against unauthorized solicitations of public funds.
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NFT Collector: On-chain music sounds off with latest raise, artistic duo Hackatao find their lane 

Greg Oakford, co-founder of NFT Fest Australia, is your guide to the world of NFTs from a collector’s and fan’s perspective. 

With Sound’s recent $20 million raise, music collectibles have reignited a spark in my mind. While music really hasn’t had its moment in the sun, as has the art market and the PFP mania of 2021–2022, collectible on-chain music feels inevitable. 

Collecting music is not new. It’s had many iterations, from vinyl to cassettes to CDs to mp3s (remember that thing called Napster?) to $0.99 tracks on iTunes.

My dad collects blues vinyl yet doesn’t have a record player anymore. He streams music on Spotify, so why buy the vinyl? Why did so many opt to pay $0.99 for songs or $10 to $15 for albums on a centralized digital music marketplace like iTunes when, in reality, getting music for free was pretty accessible? 

People collect music for a variety of reasons, including nostalgia, supporting artists financially, social signaling to their friends and followers, and showcasing their personality through their taste in music.


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Curve liquidation risk poses systemic threat to DeFi even as founder scurries to repay loans

On July 30, Curve Finance, a decentralized exchange on Ethereum, suffered a hack due to a vulnerability in certain pools built using the Vyper programming language.

The price of CRV dropped 20.91% on the day of the hack, falling to a two-month low of $0.58.

On the next day, the decline in CRV continued to drop toward a seven-month low at $0.48 amid fears of liquidation risks of hefty loans worth $100 million taken by Curve Finance founder Micheal Egorov against CRV as collateral.

However, positive development with partial repayment of loans and significant negative bets in the derivatives market suggest that CRV may rally in the short term.

The DeFi community comes to save CRV

On Aug. 1, Egorov sold 39.25 million CRV tokens for stablecoins to a number of notable DeFi investors like Justin Sun, Machi Big Brother and DWF Labs for a total of $15.8 million, according to LookOnChain data.

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Was Sam Bankman-Fried behind another scam project?

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In the latest episode of “The Market Report,” analyst and writer Marcel Pechman discusses the BALD token rug pull and the allegations pointing toward FTX founder Sam “SBF’ Bankman-Fried as the culprit. The token launched on Coinbase’s Base network, which is currently under development, and witnessed incredible gains between July 30 and 31.

Pechman notes that it is impossible to know how much fake volume and how many trades involving the same entity or small groups were used to prop up BALD’s price on decentralized exchanges (DEXs). Further evidence for this hypothesis is the 85% price plunge shortly after BALD’s developer removed the liquidity deposited in DEX pools.

According to internet sleuths, the evidence pointing to SBF being the mastermind of the rug pull includes funding from wallets associated with FTX and Alameda Research, the fact that BALD’s developer was one of the first voters on proposals for decentralized finance project SushiSwap, language used in tweets, and DYDX farming activity.

While Pechman believes SBF certainly has the technical knowledge to issue tokens and offering liquidity pools on DEXs, there is no way to know what sort of devices and internet access he currently has while under house arrest.

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Is SBF secretly behind BALD? Crypto Twitter debates latest conspiracy

Crypto Twitter has been abuzz with debate after a new conspiracy theory has suggested FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried may be secretly behind one of the most controversial new memecoins on Base.

The BALD memecoin, which draws its namesake from a humorous reference to Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong, was launched on July 30 and witnessed an incredible 289,000% gain within the first 24 hours of trading.

After the token’s anonymous developer removed thousands of ETH in liquidity, the price of BALD plummeted more than 85% — sparking allegations of a rug pull, which the developer has denied.

The ordeal led a number of blockchain sleuths to dig into the developer's on-chain past, prompting some to draw a link to SBF as the Ethereum wallet address responsible for deploying the Bald token had received thousands of ETH in funding from wallets associated with FTX and Alameda Research.

One of the conspiracy theorists, anonymous decentralized finance (DeFi) commentator Downsin suggested that the link between the two meant that it was SBF “legit trying to make it all back from prison.”

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Price analysis 7/31: SPX, DXY, BTC, ETH, XRP, BNB, ADA, DOGE, SOL, LTC

The S&P 500 Index (SPX) continued its march toward its all-time high with a 3% gain in July. Signs of receding inflationary pressures and expectations of an end to the Federal Reserve’s tightening cycle are the factors that boosted risk-on sentiment.

However, this bullish mood did not benefit Bitcoin (BTC) as it largely remained range-bound in July and is on track to end the month with a loss of more than 3%. The biggest question troubling traders is when will Bitcoin’s range break and in which direction.

Daily cryptocurrency market performance. Source: Coin360

Typically, the longer the time spent inside the range, the greater the force needed for the breakout. Once the price escapes the range, the next trending move is likely to be strong. The only problem is that it is difficult to predict the direction of the breakout with certainty. Hence, it is better to wait for the price to sustain above or below the range before taking large bets.

With Bitcoin trading inside a range, could the action shift to altcoins? Let’s analyze the charts to find out.

S&P 500 Index price analysis

The S&P 500 Index has been in an uptrend. The bears tried to pull the price back below the breakout level of 4,513 on July 27 but the bulls held their ground. This suggests that buyers are trying to flip the 4,513 level into support.

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